Thursday 3 March 2016

Hocką language



Hocką /ɬoʧkæ/

1: Orthography

A a
/ɑ/
I i
/ɨ/
R r
/ɾ/
Ą ą
/æ/
Į į
/i/
S s
/s/
B b
/b/
J j
/j/
T t
/t/
C c
/ʧ/
K k
/k/
U u
/u/
D d
/d/
L l
/l/
Ų ų
/y/
E e
/ẽ/
M m
/m/
V v
/p̪/
Ę ę
/ə̃/
N n
/n/
W w
/w/
F f
/f/
O o
/o/
X x
/x/
G g
/ɣ/
P p
/p/
Y y
/ɥ̊/
H h
/ɬ/
Q q
/ŋ/
Z z
/ʒ/

2: Noun system & sentence order

2.1: Noun hierarchy

All nouns can be sorted into high and low classes, which determine the morphology of sentences. For example, “qul” /ŋul/ is a high-class noun and “fąj” /fæj/ is a low-class noun.

2.2: Primary sentences

Take, for example, the sentences:
Qul fąj coz = cat mouse fight = the cat fights a mouse
Fąj qul coz = mouse cat fight = a cat fights the mouse
These sentences have, essentially, the same syntactic meanings, but because the verb comes afterwards, and because of the classes of nouns, the nouns can be swapped. It also shows the cat, not the mouse, initiates the action.

2.3: Secondary sentences

Coz qul fąj = fight cat mouse = a mouse fights the cat
Coz fąj qul = cat fight mouse = the mouse fights a cat
Here, since the verb comes first, the mouse initiated the action, and so is the subject.

2.4: Reciprocal sentences

If the verb comes in the middle, it shows that both parties are equally responsible in initiating the action, or neither of them are.

2.5: Plural forms


Normal
Plural
High
Qul
Qulu
Low
Fąj
Fąja

3: Verb systems

3.1: Types and classes of verbs

There are three types of verbs:
-        Z-stem verbs
-        G-stem verbs
-        F-stem verbs
And there are two classes:
-        Transitive: Verbs where the object of the noun takes no prepositions
-        Intransitive: Verbs where the object of the noun takes a preposition
Verbs from each class randomly take the three endings shown above.

3.2: Transitive z-stem verbs

Nearly all verbs are transitive verbs, and are conjugated only based on tense and the preposition that comes after the object noun.

Instrumental/None
Dative
Ablative
Perlative
Comitative
First locative
Second locative
Present
Coz
Cozo
Cozar
Cozol
Cozab
Cosą
Cozmu
Past
Cosi
Cozi
Cozai
Cozul
Cozib
Coso
Cozma
Near future
Cosa
Coza
Coze
Cozel
Cozeb
Cosę
Cozęm
Future
Cosu
Cozu
Cozau
Cozin
Cozub
Cosų
Cozim

3.3: Transitive g-stem and f-stem verbs

In g-stem and f-stem verbs, the “z~s” change in verbs is replaced with “g~w” and “f~c”.

3.4: Intransitive verbs

With intransitive verbs, the instrumental form does not exist – this usually shows the first locative instead.

4: Postpositions

4.1: Genitive postposition

The postposition (article that follows the word) “o” is used to show possession, in a similar way to “’s” in English. It can be used with any noun, regardless of sentence position

4.2: Locative postpositions


First locative
Second locative
None
In
Over, on top of
“hi”
To the right of
To the left of
“ri”
Behind
In front of
“si”
Below
Beyond

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