Kaǧecil /kɑɡ͡ɣɛʃil/ language

Kaǧecil /kɑɡ͡ɣɛʃil/

A a	/ɑ/	N n	/n/
B b	/b/	O o	/ɔ/
C c	/ʧ/	P p	/p/
D d	/d/	Q q	/ɰ/
E e	/ɛ/	R r	/r/
Ě ě	/ə/	S s	/s/
G g	/g/	Š š	/ʃ/
Ǧ ǧ	/ɡ͡ɣ/	T t	/t/
H h	/h̃/	U u	/u/
I i	/i/	V v	/v/
K k	/k/	W w	/w/
L l	/l/	Y y	/j/
M m	/m/	Z z	/z/

Verb patterns

Most verbs do not have infinitives, but each verb does have a basic stem – for example, the verb “to urinate in” has the stem “ske-“.

Person	Present active	Past active	Future active	Past passive
1st sing.	Sketi	Skeh	Sketek	Skeim
2nd	Skeri	Skeha	Skerek	Skei
3rd	Sken	Skeš	Skeni	Skeiš
1st plu.	Skevi	Skehu	Skerik	Skel

The passive is used to show a shift in definiteness.

A small number of verbs take different patterns for 3rd person plural and singular nouns, such as the verb “ini-“, “to meet”

Person	Present active	Past active	Future active	Past passive
1st sing.	Initi	Inih	Initek	Ineim
2nd	Iniri	Iniha	Inirek	Ineic
3rd sing.	Inin	Inic	Iniyi	Inei
3rd plu.	Ini	Inica	Iniya	Ineir
1st plu.	Inivi	Inihu	Inirik	Inil

Noun cases  and classes

There are several cases used for nouns in Kaħecil:

-          Benefactive: “for”

-          Caritive: “without”. When it comes before a verb it indicates the negative form

-          Genitive: “of” or “from”

-          Perlative: Means “through” or “by”, but generally refers to a noun described in motion

The genitive and perlative cases function as the subject and object nouns – which position they each take depends on the verb. For example, the verb “ske-“ takes the genitive as the subject and perlative as the object (marked as “G-P”), while many verbs of motion, such as “gau-“ (“fall” or “collapse”), take the perlative as the subject and the genitive as the object instead (marked as “P-G”). 

With the passive, G-P nouns become P-G nouns.

In a negative sentence, the caritive noun becomes the object.

For declension, there are six classes of noun, for each vowel (the last class is also shared with consonant-ending nouns):

Type 1 – “-i”

Example: ǧori – well, watering hole

	Singular	Plural
Genitive	Ǧori	Ǧoru
Perlative	Ǧor	Ǧora
Benefactive	Ǧoro	Ǧore
Caritive	Ǧoril	Ǧorě

Type 2 – “-a”

Example: luša – stream, brook, small river

	Singular	Plural
Genitive	Luša	Lušu
Perlative	Luš	Lušě
Benefactive	Luše	Lušei
Caritive	Luši	Lušo

Type 3 – “-u”

Example: tibnu – fourteen

	Singular	Plural
Genitive	Tibnu	Tiběn
Perlative	Tibne	Tibno
Benefactive	Tibnui	Tibni
Caritive	Tibnai	Tibna

Type 4 – “-o”

Example: kyo – deer

	Singular	Plural
Genitive	Kyo	Kyě
Perlative	Ki	Kyu
Benefactive	Kye	Kyei
Caritive	Kyil	Kyin

Type 5 – “-e”

Example: dame – pastry (usually a kind of meat pastry mixed with fruit and sweet sauce)

	Singular	Plural
Genitive	Dame	Damo
Perlative	Damě	Damu
Benefactive	Dam	Dami
Caritive	Damel	Damet

Type 6 – “-ě” and consonant

Example: cěl – brother

	Singular	Plural
Genitive	Cěl	Cělu
Perlative	Cělo	Cěloi
Benefactive	Cěla	Cělan
Caritive	Cěle	Cělo

Pronouns

	Gen	Per	Ben	Car
1st sing.	Do	Da	Dal	Dei
2nd	Mo	Ma	Mal	Mei
3rd sing. animate	Ba	Bu	Bi	Bei
3rd sing. inanimate	Ra	Ru	Ri	Rei
1st plu.	Za	Zu	Zi	Zei
3rd plu.	Ta	Tu	Ti	Tey
(“this”)	Kei	Koi	Kai	Ke

Prepositions

	Genitive	Perlative	Benefactive
“i”	From	Around	Near
“en”	With		∅
“es”	In		Beside
“si”	On	Over
“dě”	Under	∅

The preposition ‘to’ is usually conveyed with the perlative case or the benefactive case, depending on the context.

Numerals 1-100

1	Ša	11	Šanu	21	Šayan
2	Kol	12	Kolnu	30	Kayan
3	At	13	Atnu	31	Šakayan
4	Tib	14	Tibnu	40	Tun
5	Na	15	Nanu	50	Petun
6	Pol	16	Polnu	60	Lon
7	Kas	17	Kasnu	70	Bolon
8	Iša	18	Išanu	80	Yun
9	Ola	19	Olanu	90	Veyun
10	Vyu	20	Yan	100	Nos