Fairly simple Indo-European-ish lang

Orthography

Vowels and consonants are generally read as they appear, although there are a handful of exceptions:

-          “i” is pronounced as /j/ before/after vowels, as well as /i/ in other places

-          “ş” = /ʃ/

-          “sz” = /ʒ/

-          “c” = /tʃ/

-          “cz” = /dʒ/

Verbs

Verb infinitives end in “-a”, and take only three tenses (past, present and conditional), and drop pronouns in all except the latter of these. A standard example is “piela”, “to walk”:

	Present	Past	Conditional
In	Pielam	Pielman	Pielat
Den	Pieli	Pieliş	Pielat
Oi/Ui/E	Piel	Pielin	Pielat
Met	Pielmi	Pielmen	Pielas
Şet	Pieldi	Pielden	Pielas
An	Pielom	Pieloman	Pielas

A handful of common irregular verbs:

-          Işta = to go

-          Amia = to have (with nouns)

-          Ena = to be

-          Tieda = to talk, to say

	Present	Past	Cond	Present	Past	Cond
In	Işim	Şiman	Işt	Amam	Amiman	Amat
Den	I	Şiş	Işt	Ai	Amiş	Amat
Oi/Ui/E	Iş	Şin	Işt	Ama	Amin	Amat
Met	Imi	Şimon	Işas	Ami	Amien	Amas
Şet	Iti	Şiden	Işas	Adi	Adien	Amas
An	Işom	Şioman	Işas	Amom	Amimon	Amas
In	Eiem	Eman	Enem	Tiei	Tedman	Tiedat
Den	Ei	Eş	Eni	Ti	Tediş	Tiedat
Oi/Ui/E	Ed	En	Enin	Ted	Tedin	Tiedat
Met	Emi	Eimen	Enmi	Timi	Tedmen	Tiedas
Şet	Eti	Eiden	Endi	Tidi	Teden	Tiedas
An	Iom	Emon	Eniom	Tedom	Tedoman	Tiedas

Compound tense and participles

The near future is formed by adding the verb “to go” to the present participle, which is usually formed by removing the infinitive stem and adding “-gis” e.g. “piela” - “pielgiş” (“walk” -“walking”)

The perfect tense is form by adding “ka”, an alternative form of the verb “to have”, to the past participle, formed in the manner “piela” - “pielniş” (“walk” – “walked”)

“Ka” is formed thus:

	Present	Past	Cond
In	Kam	Keman	Kat
Den	Ki	Keiş	Kat
Oi/Ui/E	Ek	Kein	Kat
Met	Kemi	Kemen	Kas
Şet	Kedi	Keden	Kas
An	Kom	Komon	Kas

Nouns

There are three classes of nouns – masculine, feminine and neuter. Masculine nouns end in a consonant (such as “bem”, “man”), feminine in “-i” or “-a” (such as “vausa”, “wave”, or “aribani”, “freedom”), and neuter in “-u” (such as “eistu”, “bird”). They take five cases:

-          Nominative: subject

-          Accusative: direct object

-          Dative: “towards” the noun

-          Genitive: “of” the noun

-          Ablative: “away from” the noun

	Sing.	Plu.	Sing.	Plu.	Sing.	Plu.	Sing.	Plu.
N	Bem	Bemi	Vausa	Vause	Ariboni	Aribone	Eistu	Eista
A	Bemei	Bemi	Vausi	Vause	Aribona	Aribone	Eistoi	Eista
D	Bema	Bemom	Vausei	Vausom	Aribonei	Aribonom	Eista	Eistom
G	Beme	Bemes	Vausu	Vaus	Aribonu	Aribon	Eisti	Eistei
Ab	Bemo	Bemos	Vauso	Vausos	Aribono	Aribonos	Eisto	Eistos

Common prepositions

-          “um” = in (acc), into (dat)

-          “per” = by (dat)

-          “dir” = about (gen)

-          “a” = on (acc), onto (dat)

-          “nom” = under (acc)

Adjectives

All adjectives end in “-iş”, and are inflected thus:

	Masc	Fem	Neut	Plu
N	-iş	-aş	-uş	-eş
A	-e	-ai	-e	-eş
G	-e	-u	-i	-eis
D	-a	-ei	-a	-em
Ab	-o	-o	-o	-os

Comparatives (“-er” in English) have the ending “-einiş”, and superlatives (“-est”) have the ending “-abniş”.